Emacs vs. Vi vs. Eclipse vs. anyIDE¶

How to install latest stable Emacs in Ubuntu¶

Prerequisites:

apt-get install apel

For latest emacs stable releases on ubuntu (also recommended by How to Install GNU Emacs 26.1 in Ubuntu):

add-apt-repository ppa:kelleyk/emacs

apt-get update && \
apt-get install emacs26 emacs26-el && \
update-alternatives --set emacs /usr/bin/emacs26

touch /var/lib/emacsen-common/state/flavor/installed/emacs26

mkdir -p /etc/emacs26/site-start.d
mkdir -p /usr/share/emacs26/site-lisp
test -L /usr/share/emacs/26.?/site-lisp || \
mv /usr/share/emacs/26.?/site-lisp/* /usr/share/emacs26/site-lisp/

test -L /usr/share/emacs/26.?/site-lisp || \
rm -rf /usr/share/emacs/26.?/site-lisp
rm -f /usr/share/emacs/26.?/site-lisp
ln -s ../../emacs26/site-lisp  /usr/share/emacs/26.?/

;; |:here:|
cat <<'EOF' >/usr/share/emacs26/site-lisp/subdirs.el
(defvar package--builtin-versions
  ;; Mostly populated by loaddefs.el via autoload-builtin-package-versions.
  (purecopy `((emacs . ,(version-to-list emacs-version))))
  "Alist giving the version of each versioned builtin package.
I.e. each element of the list is of the form (NAME . VERSION) where
NAME is the package name as a symbol, and VERSION is its version
as a list.")

(defun package--description-file (dir)
  (concat (let ((subdir (file-name-nondirectory
                         (directory-file-name dir))))
            (if (string-match "\\([^.].*?\\)-\\([0-9]+\\(?:[.][0-9]+\\|\\(?:pre\\|beta\\|alpha\\)[0-9]+\\)*\\)" subdir)
                (match-string 1 subdir) subdir))
          "-pkg.el"))

(defconst debian-emacs-flavor 'emacs26
  "A symbol representing the particular debian flavor of emacs running.
Something like 'emacs20, 'xemacs20, etc.")

(if (fboundp 'normal-top-level-add-subdirs-to-load-path)
    (normal-top-level-add-subdirs-to-load-path))

(let ((local-site-lisp "/usr/local/share/emacs/26.3/site-lisp/"))
  (make-directory local-site-lisp t)
  (if (not (member local-site-lisp load-path))
      (setq load-path (cons local-site-lisp load-path))))
EOF
;; |:here:| `

;; |:here:|
cat <<'EOF' >/usr/share/emacs26/site-lisp/site-start.el
(if (load "debian-startup" t t nil)
    (debian-startup debian-emacs-flavor))
EOF
;; |:here:| `

apt-get purge prolog-el
apt-get purge dash-el

grep '(("\\\\\\\\\[Ss]ubref{\\\\(\[^{}\\n\\r\\\\%,\]\*\\\\)" 1 LaTeX-label-list "}")))' /usr/share/emacs/site-lisp/auctex/style/subfigure.el

--- /usr/share/emacs/site-lisp/auctex/style/subfigure.el-000 2015-11-19 15:26:11.000000000 +0100
+++ /usr/share/emacs/site-lisp/auctex/style/subfigure.el     2019-09-03 21:03:22.354599330 +0200
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@
    ;; Install completion for labels:
    (setq TeX-complete-list
         (append
-      '(("\\\\[Ss]ubref{\\([^{}\n\r\\%,]*\\)" 1 LaTeX-label-list "}")))
-      TeX-complete-list)
+      '(("\\\\[Ss]ubref{\\([^{}\n\r\\%,]*\\)" 1 LaTeX-label-list "}"))
+      TeX-complete-list))

    ;; Fontification
    (when (and (featurep 'font-latex)

grep '[^\][\]N' /usr/share/emacs/site-lisp/apel/poe.el

vi /usr/share/emacs/site-lisp/apel/poe.el
:
1,$s,\\N,\\\\N,g

/bin/grep --color -nH -e 'emacs2[45]' /usr/lib/emacsen-common/packages/*/* /usr/sbin/update-auctex-elisp

/usr/lib/emacsen-common/packages/install/auctex:116:    (emacs24|emacs26|emacs-snapshot)
/usr/lib/emacsen-common/packages/install/psgml:50:    emacs26 | emacs24)
/usr/lib/emacsen-common/packages/remove/auctex:60:    (emacs24|emacs26|emacs-snapshot)
/usr/lib/emacsen-common/packages/remove/psgml:52:    emacs21 | emacs22 | emacs23 | emacs24 | emacs26 | emacs-snapshot)
/usr/sbin/update-auctex-elisp:56:FLAVORS=${*:-'emacs24 emacs26 emacs-snapshot'}

;; |:here:| `
(condition-case err
    (let ((load-path (reverse load-path)))
      ;; search system libraries first
      (require 'ewoc))
  (error (message "error: %s" (error-message-string err))))
;; |:here:| `

/usr/lib/emacsen-common/emacs-install emacs26

dpkg-reconfigure $( ls -1 /usr/lib/emacsen-common/packages/install/* | sed 's,.*/,,' | sort | uniq )

Point, mark, region, kill ring¶

In Emacs, the point is the current position of cursor:

Some text POINTat some position

continued on next line. Lorem ipsum dolor.

The key sequence C-SPC sets the position of the mark to the position of point:

Some text MARKPOINTat some position

continued on next line. Lorem ipsum dolor.

When point is moved, the mark stays in place:

Some text MARKat some position

continuedPOINT on next line. Lorem ipsum dolor.

The region is the text between mark and point:

at some position

continued

C-x C-x exchanges point and mark. It also activates the region:

Some text POINTat some position

continuedMARK on next line. Lorem ipsum dolor.

The region can always be moved or copied onto the kill ring, which acts like a clipboard with a history of killed/copied strings. If the region is active (highlighted), pressing BACKSPC removes the region without copying it to the kill ring.

Emacs allows to handle line ends without explicitely setting the mark:

Emulating the special kill-line functionality with the region is more involved:

Other commands for killing text entities:

Undo¶

• The Emacs undo semantics is lossless.
• Vi has a lossless (and persistent) undo tree and so does Emacs (Emacs: Undo Tree package)

Abbreviations¶

vi(1) supports abbreviations and mappings with :abbrev (:iabbrev) and :map.

In order to define an abbreviation local to major mode with replacement of @here@ tag in Emacs, type:

C-SPC (if SPC @here@ SPC run-a-command) C-x a x l xxif RETURN

Both, automatic expansion in abbrev mode:

xxif SPC

and explicit expansion with inactive abbrev mode:

xxif C-x a e

expand to:

(if POINT run-a-command)

Dynamic Abbreviation Expansion¶

vim(1) supports dynamic abbreviations in insert mode with C-P and C-N. vi(1) does not support this extension.

M-/ = Alt+Shift+7

Start typing a word, e.g. dy, then press M-/ repeatedly. All open buffers (not just project files) are searched for a matching expansion:

This is extremely useful for using long identifiers in programs:

VERY_LONG_IDENTIFIERS_WHICH_NOBODY_WANTS_TO_TYPE = "value"

...

VE RY_LONG_IDENTIFIERS_WHICH_NOBODY_WANTS_TO_TYPE

`Eclipse`_ only has a very limited functionality for mainly strongly typed, object oriented languages:

object. <popup>

Key Sequences¶

Vi supports key sequences as mappings (:map, :imap).

It seems possible to define key sequences in `Eclipse`_: Eclipse - Bindings.

Extensions¶

Vi has a macro language.

`Eclipse`_ extensions are realized via Java plugins. The extension points can then be assigned to key sequences. In order to create a plugin, an entire `Eclipse`_ Java package must to be created and all kinds of non-evident manual actions have to be executed. `EASE`_ makes it better with Rhino (Javascript) and Jython integration. Python is supposedly fully integrated since 2017 (not verfied, not investigated). See also |section-doc-relevance-IDE|.

The equivalent of a “package” in Emacs is just a simple file (conventionally with the extension .el (but not necessarily)).

Let’s put it in ~/.emacs.d as ~/.emacs.d/my-file.el. The file contains an interactive function, suitable for assignment to a key sequence:

(defun my-func (arg)
 "Help".
 (interactive "sText: ")
 (insert (concat "//" arg "//"))
 )

To “install” this “package”, add the following code to your .emacs file:

(load-file "~/.emacs.d/my-file.el")

To assign the function my-func() to a key sequence, add the following to your .emacs file:

(global-set-key "C-c uet" 'my-func)

You can also put this in my-file.el for auto-installation of the key sequence shortcut :).

That’s it folks!

Tips and Tricks¶

|:todo:| English

Leerzeilen entfernen: M-% C-q C-j C-q C-j RET C-q C-j RET

Rechteckblock mit String auffüllen:

1. Anfang des Rechtecks markieren (C-SPACE)
2. Cursor am Ende des Rechtecks positionieren
3. C-x r t <STRING> RET

Useful packages¶

+----
| spalte 1 | xyz
| | uuu
| . | uux

+------------------+-------------------------------------+
| spalte 1         | xyz                                 |
+==================+=====================================+
| cc               | uuu alskfjjkl asdflkjaslkfj aklsdfj |
+------------------+-------------------------------------+
| aldkk dk kkkk kk | uux                                 |
+------------------+-------------------------------------+

Symbol tags¶

vi supports colon-delimited tags: :tag: (I just don’t know how)

For emacs a generalized tagging, tag navigation and tag search package is available (symbol-tag).

The standard navigation is performed with M-right (previous tag) and M-left (next tag) (see :xref:`fig:Basic symbol tag navigation`).

              M-up
           (here tag)
 M-left                 M-right
(any tag)              (any tag)
           M-down
           (here tag)

The here tag is a tag which is directly reachable by navigation keys M-up (previous tag) and M-down (next tag). Initially, the here tag symbol is undefined. The key sequence M-h sets the here tag symbol to here. The here tag symbol can be set to any symbol with C-u M-up or C-u M-down.

M-i inserts a symbol tag, M-k deletes the symbol tag near point.

The alternate delimiter set from a delimiter stack can be activated with C-c C-x. The delimiter stack and quick help is shown with C-c C-d C-v.

An independent delimiter is defined for enclosing symbols at point with M-e (M-x symbol-tag-enclose). The enclosing delimiter can be defined with a prefix arg selecting an entry from the delimiter set menu e.g. C-u 1 3 M-e (see F8).

There are key sequences available for marking the block of lines between two symbol tags with the same symbol (see :xref:`tab:Mark line block between two symbol tags`). With a prefix arg, teh tag symbol can be set explicitely.

A grep-find(), which constructs a correctly quoted pattern for symbol tags is available as M-g (M-x symbol-tag-grep-find).

An occur(), which constructs a correctly quoted pattern for symbol tags is available as M-o (M-x symbol-tag-occur).

C-h m shows mode help. In help buffer move to section about symbol-tag minor-mode.

C-h k M-<down> shows help for key bound to next-symbol-tag()

C-h b shows current key bindings. M-x occur RET -symbol-tag RET in buffer *Help* shows keys for symbol movement.

Directory/filename shortcuts¶

`Zonentransfer – Wikipedia`_
.. _`Zonentransfer – Wikipedia`: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zonentransfer

`Zonentransfer – Wikipedia`_

`Zonentransfer (alternate link text) <Zonentransfer – Wikipedia>`_

Link with alternate text
`Zonentransfer (alternate link text) <Zonentransfer – Wikipedia>`_
referencing plain link
`Zonentransfer – Wikipedia`_.